Which molecule carries the genetic information necessary for protein synthesis?

The molecule that carries the genetic information necessary for protein synthesis is messenger RNA (mRNA). During the process of transcription, a specific segment of DNA is copied into mRNA, which serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins during translation. This process takes place in the ribosomes, where mRNA guides the assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains, creating proteins based on the genetic instructions encoded in the DNA.

While tRNA (transfer RNA) plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, and rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a key component of the ribosomes themselves, it is mRNA that carries the actual genetic information from the DNA to the site of protein synthesis.