What does the term metabolism encompass?

Metabolism is a broad term that refers to all the biochemical processes that occur within an organism to maintain life. It comprises two main categories: catabolic processes, which break down molecules to release energy, and anabolic processes, which build complex molecules from simpler ones and consume energy in the process. Both types of processes are essential for cellular function, growth, maintenance, and repair.

By encompassing all biological processes, metabolism includes energy conversion mechanisms, but it also involves a wide array of other functions such as the synthesis of biomolecules, the breakdown of nutrients, and the regulation of various biochemical pathways. This holistic view highlights how different metabolic pathways interconnect and contribute to overall homeostasis within the body. Thus, the correct answer accurately reflects the comprehensive nature of metabolism and its essential role in supporting life.